Recubrimientos de carburos de Nb-V-Cr depositados mediante el proceso de difusión termorreactiva (TRD)

This paper shows the results obtained from the coating deposit process of vanadium-niobium-chromium carbide on steel AISI/SAE 1045 and AISI/SAE H13 using the thermo-reactive deposition/diffusion process (TRD). The coatings were obtained using a bath of molten salts composed of borax, ferro-niobium, ferro-vanadium and ferro-chrome aluminum, with variations in the content of chromium, at a temperature of 1020 ° C for 4 hours. The presence of binary phases VC, NbC, CrC was evident by the technique of X-ray diffraction. Morphological and surface chemical properties of the coatings were studied by the scanning electron microscopy technique (SEM-EDS). The hardness of the coatings was determined using a LECO microindentador M-400-G2 with a maximum load of 300g. The electrochemical behavior was studied using potentiodynamic polarization curves to determine the corrosion current density. The tribological behavior was analyzed by the “Ball-on-disc” test, finding a lower friction coefficient in coated materials with respect to the uncoated substrate.En este trabajo se presentan los resultados del proceso de depósito de recubrimientos de carburos de niobio-vanadio-cromo sobre acero AISI/SAE 1045 y AISI/SAE H13, utilizando la técnica de deposición por difusión termorreactiva (TRD). Los recubrimientos fueron obtenidos usando un baño de sales compuesto por bórax fundido, ferro-niobio, ferro-vanadio, ferro-cromo y aluminio, variando el contenido de cromo (8 y 32 % en peso), a una temperatura de 1.020 °C durante 4 horas. Mediante la técnica de Difracción de Rayos X se evidenció la presencia de fases binarias de VC, NbC, CrC. Las propiedades químicas superficiales y morfológicas de los recubrimientos se estudiaron mediante la técnica de microscopia electrónica de barrido con acople de una sonda de energía dispersiva (MEB-EDS). La dureza de los recubrimientos se determinó utilizando un microindentador LECO M-400-G2 con una carga máxima de 300 g. El comportamiento electroquímico fue estudiado a través de curvas de polarización potencio-dinámicas para determinar la densidad de corriente de corrosión. El comportamiento tribológico se analizó mediante el ensayo “Ball-on-disc”, encontrando un coeficiente de fricción menor en los materiales recubiertos con respecto al sustrato sin recubrir

LSST: from Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products

(Abridged) We describe here the most ambitious survey currently planned in the optical, the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). A vast array of science will be enabled by a single wide-deep-fast sky survey, and LSST will have unique survey capability in the faint time domain. The LSST design is driven by four main science themes: probing dark energy and dark matter, taking an inventory of the Solar System, exploring the transient optical sky, and mapping the Milky Way. LSST will be a wide-field ground-based system sited at Cerro Pach\'{o}n in northern Chile. The telescope will have an 8.4 m (6.5 m effective) primary mirror, a 9.6 deg$^2$ field of view, and a 3.2 Gigapixel camera. The standard observing sequence will consist of pairs of 15-second exposures in a given field, with two such visits in each pointing in a given night. With these repeats, the LSST system is capable of imaging about 10,000 square degrees of sky in a single filter in three nights. The typical 5$\sigma$ point-source depth in a single visit in $r$ will be $\sim 24.5$ (AB). The project is in the construction phase and will begin regular survey operations by 2022. The survey area will be contained within 30,000 deg$^2$ with $\delta<+34.5^\circ$, and will be imaged multiple times in six bands, $ugrizy$, covering the wavelength range 320--1050 nm. About 90\% of the observing time will be devoted to a deep-wide-fast survey mode which will uniformly observe a 18,000 deg$^2$ region about 800 times (summed over all six bands) during the anticipated 10 years of operations, and yield a coadded map to $r\sim27.5$. The remaining 10\% of the observing time will be allocated to projects such as a Very Deep and Fast time domain survey. The goal is to make LSST data products, including a relational database of about 32 trillion observations of 40 billion objects, available to the public and scientists around the world.Comment: 57 pages, 32 color figures, version with high-resolution figures available from https://www.lsst.org/overvie

One- and two-stage surgical revision of peri-prosthetic joint infection of the hip: a pooled individual participant data analysis of 44 cohort studies.

One-stage and two-stage revision strategies are the two main options for treating established chronic peri-prosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the hip; however, there is uncertainty regarding which is the best treatment option. We aimed to compare the risk of re-infection between the two revision strategies using pooled individual participant data (IPD). Observational cohort studies with PJI of the hip treated exclusively by one- or two-stage revision and reporting re-infection outcomes were retrieved by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform; as well as email contact with investigators. We analysed IPD of 1856 participants with PJI of the hip from 44 cohorts across four continents. The primary outcome was re-infection (recurrence of infection by the same organism(s) and/or re-infection with a new organism(s)). Hazard ratios (HRs) for re-infection were calculated using Cox proportional frailty hazards models. After a median follow-up of 3.7 years, 222 re-infections were recorded. Re-infection rates per 1000 person-years of follow-up were 16.8 (95% CI 13.6-20.7) and 32.3 (95% CI 27.3-38.3) for one-stage and two-stage strategies respectively. The age- and sex-adjusted HR of re-infection for two-stage revision was 1.70 (0.58-5.00) when compared with one-stage revision. The association remained consistently absent after further adjustment for potential confounders. The HRs did not vary importantly in clinically relevant subgroups. Analysis of pooled individual patient data suggest that a one-stage revision strategy may be as effective as a two-stage revision strategy in treating PJI of the hip

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

4to. Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad. Memoria académica

Este volumen acoge la memoria académica de la Cuarta edición del Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad, CITIS 2017, desarrollado entre el 29 de noviembre y el 1 de diciembre de 2017 y organizado por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (UPS) en su sede de Guayaquil. El Congreso ofreció un espacio para la presentación, difusión e intercambio de importantes investigaciones nacionales e internacionales ante la comunidad universitaria que se dio cita en el encuentro. El uso de herramientas tecnológicas para la gestión de los trabajos de investigación como la plataforma Open Conference Systems y la web de presentación del Congreso http://citis.blog.ups.edu.ec/, hicieron de CITIS 2017 un verdadero referente entre los congresos que se desarrollaron en el país. La preocupación de nuestra Universidad, de presentar espacios que ayuden a generar nuevos y mejores cambios en la dimensión humana y social de nuestro entorno, hace que se persiga en cada edición del evento la presentación de trabajos con calidad creciente en cuanto a su producción científica. Quienes estuvimos al frente de la organización, dejamos plasmado en estas memorias académicas el intenso y prolífico trabajo de los días de realización del Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad al alcance de todos y todas

Recubrimientos de carburos de Nb-V-Cr depositados mediante el proceso de difusión termorreactiva (TRD)

This paper shows the results obtained from the coating deposit process of vanadium-niobium-chromium carbide on steel AISI/SAE 1045 and AISI/SAE H13 using the thermo-reactive deposition/diffusion process (TRD). The coatings were obtained using a bath of molten salts composed of borax, ferro-niobium, ferro-vanadium and ferro-chrome aluminum, with variations in the content of chromium, at a temperature of 1020 ° C for 4 hours. The presence of binary phases VC, NbC, CrC was evident by the technique of X-ray diffraction. Morphological and surface chemical properties of the coatings were studied by the scanning electron microscopy technique (SEM-EDS). The hardness of the coatings was determined using a LECO microindentador M-400-G2 with a maximum load of 300g. The electrochemical behavior was studied using potentiodynamic polarization curves to determine the corrosion current density. The tribological behavior was analyzed by the “Ball-on-disc” test, finding a lower friction coefficient in coated materials with respect to the uncoated substrate.En este trabajo se presentan los resultados del proceso de depósito de recubrimientos de carburos de niobio-vanadio-cromo sobre acero AISI/SAE 1045 y AISI/SAE H13, utilizando la técnica de deposición por difusión termorreactiva (TRD). Los recubrimientos fueron obtenidos usando un baño de sales compuesto por bórax fundido, ferro-niobio, ferro-vanadio, ferro-cromo y aluminio, variando el contenido de cromo (8 y 32 % en peso), a una temperatura de 1.020 °C durante 4 horas. Mediante la técnica de Difracción de Rayos X se evidenció la presencia de fases binarias de VC, NbC, CrC. Las propiedades químicas superficiales y morfológicas de los recubrimientos se estudiaron mediante la técnica de microscopia electrónica de barrido con acople de una sonda de energía dispersiva (MEB-EDS). La dureza de los recubrimientos se determinó utilizando un microindentador LECO M-400-G2 con una carga máxima de 300 g. El comportamiento electroquímico fue estudiado a través de curvas de polarización potencio-dinámicas para determinar la densidad de corriente de corrosión. El comportamiento tribológico se analizó mediante el ensayo “Ball-on-disc”, encontrando un coeficiente de fricción menor en los materiales recubiertos con respecto al sustrato sin recubrir

Recubrimientos de carburos de Nb-V-Cr depositados mediante el proceso de difusión termorreactiva (TRD)

This paper shows the results obtained from the coating deposit process of vanadium-niobium-chromium carbide on steel AISI/SAE 1045 and AISI/SAE H13 using the thermo-reactive deposition/diffusion process (TRD). The coatings were obtained using a bath of molten salts composed of borax, ferro-niobium, ferro-vanadium and ferro-chrome aluminum, with variations in the content of chromium, at a temperature of 1020 ° C for 4 hours. The presence of binary phases VC, NbC, CrC was evident by the technique of X-ray diffraction. Morphological and surface chemical properties of the coatings were studied by the scanning electron microscopy technique (SEM-EDS). The hardness of the coatings was determined using a LECO microindentador M-400-G2 with a maximum load of 300g. The electrochemical behavior was studied using potentiodynamic polarization curves to determine the corrosion current density. The tribological behavior was analyzed by the “Ball-on-disc” test, finding a lower friction coefficient in coated materials with respect to the uncoated substrate.En este trabajo se presentan los resultados del proceso de depósito de recubrimientos de carburos de niobio-vanadio-cromo sobre acero AISI/SAE 1045 y AISI/SAE H13, utilizando la técnica de deposición por difusión termorreactiva (TRD). Los recubrimientos fueron obtenidos usando un baño de sales compuesto por bórax fundido, ferro-niobio, ferro-vanadio, ferro-cromo y aluminio, variando el contenido de cromo (8 y 32 % en peso), a una temperatura de 1.020 °C durante 4 horas. Mediante la técnica de Difracción de Rayos X se evidenció la presencia de fases binarias de VC, NbC, CrC. Las propiedades químicas superficiales y morfológicas de los recubrimientos se estudiaron mediante la técnica de microscopia electrónica de barrido con acople de una sonda de energía dispersiva (MEB-EDS). La dureza de los recubrimientos se determinó utilizando un microindentador LECO M-400-G2 con una carga máxima de 300 g. El comportamiento electroquímico fue estudiado a través de curvas de polarización potencio-dinámicas para determinar la densidad de corriente de corrosión. El comportamiento tribológico se analizó mediante el ensayo “Ball-on-disc”, encontrando un coeficiente de fricción menor en los materiales recubiertos con respecto al sustrato sin recubrir

The conservation status of the world’s reptiles

Effective and targeted conservation action requires detailed information about species, their distribution, systematics and ecology as well as the distribution of threat processes which affect them. Knowledge of reptilian diversity remains surprisingly disparate, and innovative means of gaining rapid insight into the status of reptiles are needed in order to highlight urgent conservation cases and inform environmental policy with appropriate biodiversity information in a timely manner. We present the first ever global analysis of extinction risk in reptiles, based on a random representative sample of 1500 species (16% of all currently known species). To our knowledge, our results provide the first analysis of the global conservation status and distribution patterns of reptiles and the threats affecting them, highlighting conservation priorities and knowledge gaps which need to be addressed urgently to ensure the continued survival of the world’s reptiles. Nearly one in five reptilian species are threatened with extinction, with another one in five species classed as Data Deficient. The proportion of threatened reptile species is highest in freshwater environments, tropical regions and on oceanic islands, while data deficiency was highest in tropical areas, such as Central Africa and Southeast Asia, and among fossorial reptiles. Our results emphasise the need for research attention to be focussed on tropical areas which are experiencing the most dramatic rates of habitat loss, on fossorial reptiles for which there is a chronic lack of data, and on certain taxa such as snakes for which extinction risk may currently be underestimated due to lack of population information. Conservation actions specifically need to mitigate the effects of human-induced habitat loss and harvesting, which are the predominant threats to reptiles